2026-Aug-19 Update. Unrelated items removed. Added near bottom page The Sodium Potassium Pump; TUTORIALS with a differfent approach. AI Sessions (talks) with AI Gemini (Paid subscrption to Google for their more comprehensive AI Service. Cost approx. $20. per month and very much worth it as you will see. AI Mode which is its most comprehensive yet free. For doing this project I prefer using Google AI because of its reference material. Youtube.com is one "for instance." I use Chat.DeepSeek.com and have for over two years. DeepSeek.com is free. I have not tried the paid version. American dollars and the EU Euro likewise are sinking fast in "value". So, you do have to prioritize.
2026-Aug-20 Discussion with AI Gemini on the Sodium-Potassium Pump as relates to
Function & Properties of Sodium-Potassium Pump illustrated by Dreamstime.com Rev B1 2026-Aug-19
WARNING: NONE OF WHAT YOU READ ON THIS WEBSITE IS GIVEN AS MEDICAL ADVICE AND THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN ITS ENTIRETY MUST NOT BE ASSUMED OR CONSIDERED IN ANY WAY ACCURATE AND USED IN ANY WAY TO MAKE ANY TYPE OF MEDICAL DECISION OF ANY NATURE. The information discussed must be considered by any one reading it as FICTION ONLY. If you use this information on this website in anyway other than as a medium of entertainment and things go wrong with you - THAT IS YOUR PROBLEM . If you attempt to sue me I will sue you and you will have to bring your action to my little town in remote KY where we love our horses and hate lawyers unless they are KJV certified Baptist - becasue it will be a civil case; and you will learn that in remote parts of KY there is more to WHITE LIGHTNING THAT HOME BREW LIQUOR; and I will take YOUR attorney before the local Bar Association just up the street past Bob's Gun Shop and Repairs - for frivilous miscoduct and seek to have your lawyer be it him or her or a neuterized Hah disbarred.
In the music selections, particlarly the Johnny Cash song about 'Get Rhythm' the early emphasis I want to make is about the heart rhythm.
I asked Google AI the question , Does the word arrhythmia mean essentially "without rhythm" and it replied with AI Overview "Yes, literally translated from the Greek roots ---> arrhythmia means " WITHOUT RHYTHM " Well what does that sound like, anyway, without rhythm? Click on the link you just past, WITHOUT RHYTHM (from youtube.com) and listen for yourself. A ltittle "off-beat" isn't it! the word But in modern medical practice the word arrhythmia more specifically refers to an abnormal or irregular rhythm. A complete absence of rhythm is a specific type of arrhythmia - but not what the word means in most contexts.
The literal and modern meanings • Literal meaning: The term is derived from the Greek prefix a- meaning "not" or "without," and rhythmos meaning "rhythm" or "flow". • Modern medical meaning: In practice, an arrhythmia is any deviation from the heart's normal electrical impulses that can cause it to beat: o Too fast (tachycardia): Over 100 beats per minute. o Too slow (bradycardia): Under 60 beats per minute. o Irregularly: With a "fluttering" or "skipped beat" sensation. The debate between arrhythmia and dysrhythmia Because of the discrepancy between the literal and functional definitions of arrhythmia, there has been a historical debate about whether dysrhythmia is a more appropriate term. • Dysrhythmia means "bad rhythm" or "abnormal rhythm" (from the Greek prefix dys- meaning "bad" or "abnormal"). • Despite arguments in the mid-20th century that dysrhythmia was more accurate, both terms are still used interchangeably in medicine today. The established, common usage of arrhythmia overrides its strict etymological meaning.
From R to R (R R) is Beat to Beat
THE INITIATION of the HEART BEAT
BEGINS
Most anyone who has been to a hospital to visit a friend, or you yourself have layed in the hospital bed, bored watching insipid programs on the commercial televison - divert your eyes and zeroed-in on a television screen with rows of green lines moving across the screen, if you're normal you've wondered what it was that you were actually seeing.
Note: this will be centered soon. 2026-July-10 @ 11:pm I decided to indent these images rather than center them. To indent each image or photo or a paragraph
What
explanations, discussions with Gemini & Chat.DeepSeek will follow.
explanations, discussions with Gemini & Chat.DeepSeek will follow.
What follows are scanned images from the medical book, Differential Diagnosis of THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, EDITION 2 by SIDNEY R. ARBEIT,M.D., IRA L. RUBIN, M.D., and HARRY GROSS, M.D. Published and copyright 1975 by C. ISBN0-8036-0241-3 (v-1) Publisher is F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ( https://www.fadavis.com/ ) This publisher is a non-profit company and in business in Philadelphia. There is no charge to you from what I do. If you want to donate money in whatever form you have - donate to F.A. Davis Co. publisher. Or, if you have a generous heart - donate to poor country in Aftica, Latin or S. America. For Africa my personal choice is
F.A. Davis Company is an independent, family-owned publisher based in Philadelphia, PA, specializing in nursing and health sciences resources since 1879. Known for textbooks, digital tools, and, notably, Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary and Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses, the company serves healthcare students, educators, and professionals globally.
2026-July-7 (12:38am) All of the diagrams below which are of 2nd Ed. for the time being will remain as is in their original form. But we've come (myself & Google Gemini AI)to a much better and more constructive way to present that material and move it on up from 1975 vintage to 2026 where the new information is volumous. Things that had nothing to do with cardiology I have removed - but not deleated. I will create a site for that purpose which I have already come up with good name.
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Sodium-Potassium Pump - The fuel-pump of the Cardia Energy Machine
2026-Aug-19 (Wednesday) Start with the Sodium-Potassium Pump
Function & Properties of Sodium-Potassium Pump Dreamstime.com image B1 Rev 1 2026-Aug-19
In AI Mode reply to my question regarding the effect (the RESULT of an action such as the consequences of a decision you make (vs affect) of dehydration of de-hydration (not drinking enough water ---> de-hyration, or drinking too much coffee or diet drinks ---> de-hydration I assumed that since because the de-hydration would slow down the pumping action of the sodium-potassium pump that would slow down the energy production of the Na+-K+ pump. AI Mode explains (in a positive manner,it does say "Bone-head you got it all wrong." But rather AI Mode replies " However, while it slows down the pumping action, it does not decrease energy production by the pump itself—since the pump is an energy consumer—but it (the de-hydration) severely degrades the electrochemical energy gradient the cell relies on. Then AI Mode provides these links [1, 2,--> This link is to The National Library of Medicine ! 3,--->all about IONS from www.academia.edu 4,--->why you had better think DeepSeek why de-hydration will mess you up good. If too much coffee or how about too much Kentucky Wild Gin is 94-proof !5]
AI SESSIONS GEMINI (by Subscription) AI Mode & Chat.DeepSeek.com
2026-Aug-20 To Discuss USB HUB voltage choice then discuss Function & Properties of Sodium-Potassium Pump - a part of much more discovery of Na+-K+ Pump critical to all warm-blooded life
Note (2026-Aug-20) This discussion with AI Gemini pertains directly to this topic, Function & Properties of Sodium-Potassium Pump - a part of much more discovery of the Na+-K+ Pump - which is now posted. I wanted to get the Sodium-potassium pump, image B1 posted even though this image and text that accompanies the NA+-K+ topic is in very early draft form. Because what I am doing is not an effort to write a text book on biology with a chapter dealing with the Sodium-Potassium Pump. I am showing you how I have gone about learning the general subject of understanding the electrocardiogram ( ECG ) which is an medical device to analyze the condition of the heart, be it human or dog. And what I know to this date is a result of three tools: Old text books (why buy new ones at "gigging" prices when text books follow the Pareto Rule. 80 to 90% of what you need to learn on this subject, testing with the ECG is in books going back to the 1950s and earlier. I will get into Pareto Rule later. The 2nd tool is the computer. And it can be a Windows XP - you don't have to be gigged by xSoft when any of them, including Apple, will do the same job. Third tool in you will need a personal tutor. Let experience tell you why. I came to USA at age 8-1/2 more or less from less than fully desirable places. I could neither read or write, or understand any math. In USA attending school was hit and miss stuff and at age 16 I quite. I had been a falure in everything I tried. Let me burst ahead because I want to get more sleep on a regular schedule. At age 12 I finally learned all the letters of the alphabet, their sounds and their positions. Once I could fully hear the SOUNDS of each letter and then SOUND OUT THE WORDS letter by letter - (It's called the Phonetic method ) Then I discovered for myself that I already KNEW probably three to four thousand words already. A lot of "BIG WORDS" too. I had been hearing them for years - but until I learned how each letter sounded and how to put them together - I could not read. Once I connected sounds with letters I quickly learned how to read books, magazines etc. And the more I read this way the easier it became. I did attend a private school (not the same as a Privy School) and if you know your sounds you'll not make any mistakes in interpretation of those sounds. The private school was called something similar to (like is for, I like you, and YOU ought not to use LIKE to compare A with B ) similar to "Watkinson School and the first book I actually worked through, a class assignment for us all, was Huckleberry Finn.
But I am going to quit now and I shall return. It is getting late.
Oh by the way. In much the same way as what I am doing now, I taught myself how to program websites using ONLY the code. Learning the different varieties of code language is easier than you might think. And perhaps if I "hang in there" I might try teaching some of the computer languages and computer design fundamentals by way of video. I did teach for many years the martial arts (Judo, Tae-Kwan-Do, Karate, etc) but I was then decades younger. Now I am 80-1/2 and you will never know when your time is up.